1.8 Saponification

Introduction

Lipids are a heterogeneous group of compounds synthesized by organisms that are present in all biological tissues.
One of the properties is saponification of fatty acids. If one is reacted acilglicerid (oil or grease) with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide forms soap (sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid) and glycerin released and is dissolved in water. The soap forms a solid layer of racipient superfice wing.


Material
-Test tube 
-Test  tube rack
-Bunsen burner
-Wire gauze
-Beaker
-NaOH
-Oil


Objectives 
-Carry out the saponification reaction.


Procedure
1.Take a test tube rack.
2.Take one test tube and put 2mL of NaOH.
3-Put 2mL of olive oil.
4-You need to mix with a stirring rod.
5-Put the test tube in a beaker with water in the bunsen burner, ten minutes.
6-You will see the soap (solid part and yellow).


Observations

Reactions:
H3C-(CH2)7-CH=(CH2)7-COOH ---------> Oleic acid


H3C-(CH2)7-CH=(CH2)7-COO-CH2
                                                /
H3C-(CH2)7-CH=(CH2)7-COO-CH       --------------------> Triolein   
                                                /
H3C-(CH2)7-CH=(CH2)7-COO-CH2


              + NaOH

  (3x)  H3C-(CH2)7-CH=(CH2)7-COONa    ---------------------> Sodium oleic

    
-one glycerine and three molecules of sodium oleic.



Second part


Objectives
1.To know if there arepresence of lipids


Procedure

-Put 2 mL of milk in a test tube .
-Put 10ml of water and 5 drops of Sudan III and stir .
Observes that everything is dyed.

Observation

We can see when we put the Sudan II the colour of the milk change to red, that means that there are a presence of lipids.